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Academic Writing: Citation & Avoid Plagiarism

What is Citation and Why
Citation Styles Commonly Used in Arts and Humanities

Citation style refers to specific rules and guidelines for documenting sources in academic writing. 
Your instructors may specify citation style for specific assignments or courses.

  • Citation Styles (e.g. APA, MLA, or Chicago, etc.) have unique formats for citing various sources. 
  • Each citation style provides guidelines on how to format citations for various sources. 
  • Each citation style has its own specific formatting guidelines (e.g. hanging indent, line spacing, margin, etc.).
  • Different information formats require different citation formats.
  • Stick to one citation style and use it consistently throughout your work. This means that all your citations, both in-text and in the reference list or bibliography, should follow the same style guideline. 

 

Citation Styles Guidelines

 

Citation Examples

Source:  APA Style- Reference Examples

Learn more:

Basics of APA Style

Learn the basics of seventh edition APA Style, including paper elements, format, and organization; academic writing style; grammar and usage; bias-free language; mechanics of style; tables and figures; in-text citations, paraphrasing, and quotations; and reference list format and order.

Academic Writer

© 2024 American Psychological Association.

 

 

There are two methods in doing Chicago Style citation: notes and bibliography and author-date.
Choose one and use it consistently in the work.

a). To cite with notes and bibliography

  • Use a superscript number after the punctuation mark at the end of a sentence or clause.
  • Add numbered footnotes or endnotes that correlate with marked numbers.
  • Prepare a full bibliography list at the end of the writing work.

b). To cite with author-date

 

Citation Examples

Source:  Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide

Learn More:

The Chicago Manual of Style Online - Resources for Students

 

 

Citation Examples

Source:  MLA Style Center

Learn More:

MLA Style Center

Purdue OWL - MLA Formatting and Style Guide

Reference Management Tools

Reference management tools, such as RefWorks, can be helpful for generating reference lists quickly and easily. These tools allow users to save and reuse citations for different projects. 

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Recommended Readings

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